Naučnici su otkrili ključnu genetsku interakciju koja utiče na glaukom, što bi moglo dovesti do razvoja novih lijekova. Kod primarnog glaukoma otvorenog ugla, povišeni intraokularni pritisak dovodi do postepenog odumiranja retinalnih ganglijskih ćelija.

Vjeruje se da je glaukom uzrokovan nizom faktora, uključujući faktore spoljašnje sredine, starenja i genetike. Nova studija je potvrdila direktnu vezu između dva gena, prethodno umiješanih u oboljenje, što dovodi do eventualnog odumiranja retinalnih (mrežnjačnih) ćelija.

Istraživači su takođe otkrili da ljudi sa oblikom gena SIX6, koji je neophodan za normalan razvoj oka, pokazuju povjećanje u ekpresiji drugog gena, p16INK4a.

P16INK4a gen zapravo zaustavlja ćelijski razvoj. Prepoznat je kao genetski faktor u mnogim oboljenjima, uključujući karcinom i bolesti srca, te je glavni faktor rizika za primarni glaukom otvorenog ugla.

U studiji sa miševima, grupa je pokazala da povećanje ekspresije gena SIX6 rezultuje povećanjem ekspresije p16INK4a gena, pokazujući direktnu vezu između njih. U rezultatima se dalje navodi da SIX6 i povišeni intraokularni pritisak podstiču glaukom i povećavaju p16INK4a, što dovodi do smrti ganglijskih ćelija. Visoki očni pritisak u glaukomu dovodi i po veće ekspresije gena p16INK4a, koji je ključni integrator svojstvenih genetskih i spoljašnjih faktora rizika koji mogu dovesti do glaukoma.

U izvještaju se navodi da se sada traže načini blokade aktivnosti p16INK4a gena, koristeći male sintetizovane dužine DNK ili RNK. Ako budu efikasni, u budućnosti će se razmišljati o testiranju na ljudima. U ovom trenutku klinička dijagnostika za liječenje glaukoma je prilično oskudna. Ova otkrića će probuditi nove nade za inhibiciju p16INK4a, koja bi eventualno ponudila nove i terapijske pristupe. To je posebno zanimljivo jer se smatra da povišeni očni pritisak povećava ekspresiju P16 gena, ističući ga kao glavni faktor rizika kod glaukoma. Međutim, biće potrebno nekoliko predkliničkih studija radi procjene efikasnosti i bezbjednosti inhibicije p16INK4a, tako da će do ispitivanja na ljudima proći još neko vrijeme.

Uzimajući u obzir da su genetske informacije prepoznate kao jedan od načina liječenja mnogih oboljenja, nema sumnje da će se takođe vidjeti uticaj i na liječenje bolesti oka, u ovom slučaju glaukoma.

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