Cataract Surgery – What Are the Possible Complications?

Cataract surgery is one of the most commonly performed procedures worldwide and is considered highly safe and effective. However, like any surgery, it carries some potential risks and complications. While serious complications are rare, it’s important to be informed about what could occur and how they are managed.

In this blog, we’ll discuss the possible complications of cataract surgery and what steps are taken to ensure the best possible outcome for your vision.

What Happens During Cataract Surgery?

Cataract surgery involves removing the clouded lens of the eye and replacing it with a clear, artificial intraocular lens (IOL). The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, is minimally invasive, and has a quick recovery time.

While most patients experience significantly improved vision after the procedure, a small percentage may encounter complications. It’s essential to remember that your surgical team will do everything to minimize risks and manage any issues that may arise.

Common Complications of Cataract Surgery

1. Posterior Capsule Opacification (PCO)

PCO is the most common complication following cataract surgery and occurs when cells grow on the back of the lens capsule, causing blurred or hazy vision. It can develop weeks, months, or even years after the procedure.

• Symptoms: Cloudy vision similar to having another cataract.
• Treatment: PCO is easily treated with a painless, quick outpatient laser procedure called YAG capsulotomy, which restores clear vision.

2. Infection (Endophthalmitis)

Although rare, infection inside the eye is a serious complication of cataract surgery. Endophthalmitis can occur if bacteria enter the eye during or after surgery.

• Symptoms: Severe pain, redness, swelling, and vision loss.
• Treatment: Antibiotics and, in some cases, additional surgery to clear the infection.

3. Intraocular Pressure (IOP) Changes

Some patients may experience a temporary increase in eye pressure following cataract surgery, particularly if they are predisposed to glaucoma.

• Symptoms: Headaches, blurry vision, or seeing halos around lights.
• Treatment: Prescription eye drops to regulate pressure or adjustments to existing glaucoma medications.

4. Detached Retina

A retinal detachment can occur in rare cases, especially in patients who are highly nearsighted or have other underlying eye conditions.

• Symptoms: Flashes of light, sudden floaters, or a shadow over your vision.
• Treatment: Immediate surgery is required to reattach the retina and preserve vision.

5. Incorrect Lens Power

Despite careful pre-surgical measurements, the implanted IOL may not perfectly match the patient's vision needs. This can result in blurred vision or a need for corrective glasses.

• Symptoms: Difficulty focusing at specific distances.
• Treatment: Prescription glasses or, in some cases, a lens exchange procedure.

Rare Complications

• Bleeding (Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage): Rare but serious bleeding in the eye during surgery.
• Droopy Eyelid (Ptosis): A temporary or permanent drooping of the eyelid following surgery.
• Dislocation of the Intraocular Lens (IOL): The artificial lens can sometimes move out of position, requiring additional surgery.

Preventing and Managing Complications

At Specijalna bolnica za oftalmologijuDr Kozomarapatient safety is our top priority. We follow strict protocols before, during, and after surgery to minimize risks. Here are steps we take to ensure a safe procedure:

1. Comprehensive Preoperative Assessment: We carefully evaluate your eyes, medical history, and lifestyle to customize the treatment plan and select the most suitable IOL for you.
2. State-of-the-Art Equipment: Advanced technology ensures precision and accuracy during surgery.
3. Postoperative Care: Regular follow-up appointments allow us to monitor your recovery and address any issues promptly.

How to Recognise and Report Complications

Being aware of warning signs after cataract surgery is crucial for timely intervention. Contact your ophthalmologist immediately if you experience:

• Persistent pain or discomfort.
• Decreased vision or sudden changes in clarity.
• Redness, swelling, or discharge from the eye.
• Flashes of light or new floaters.

Prompt treatment can prevent further complications and ensure the best possible outcome.

Cataract surgery is a highly effective and life-changing procedure that restores clear vision and improves quality of life. Although complications can occur, they are rare and often manageable with proper care.

At Specijalna bolnica za oftalmologijuDr Kozomarawe’re here to guide you every step of the way. Take control of your vision today by scheduling an assessment or completing our suitability self-test!