U posljednje vrijeme mnogo se radi na inovacijama koje bi mogle dovesti do izlječenja sljepila. Jedna od njih je i “vještačka mrežnjača”, odnosno niz elektroda implantiranih na poleđini oka, koja omogućava djelimično vraćanje vida osobama koje su potpuno slijepe. U studiji u kojoj je učestvovalo 15 slijepih osoba koje su imale implant na najmanje tri mjeseca, 10 pacijenata koji su naknadno testirani bili su u stanju da identifikuju pravac kretanja objekta.

Ovi rezultati daju novu nadu mnogim ljudima sa degenerativnim bolestima mrežnjače. Više od dva miliona ljudi u Americi pati od očnih bolesti kao što su retinitis pigmentoza i makularna degeneracija i brzo gube vid, budući da su nervne ćelije koje detektuju svijetlost uništene zbog starosti ili bolesti, a za koje lijek još uvijek nije nađen.

U tom smislu, istraživači su se bavili uništenim ćelijama. Svaki učesnik u eksperimentu je dobio par naočala sa malim kompjuterom. Kompjuter je obrađivao video slike iz kamere i prenosio podatke na implantirane elektrode na mrežnjači. Kada su ispitanici “pogledali” na monitor sa žutim pločicama koje prelaze preko crnog ekrana, elektrode koje su bile u sadejstvu sa pokretnim pločicama stimulisale su ćelije u oku, stvarajući tačke svjetlosti u njihovom vidnom polju.

Otkriveno je da je većina učesnika studije u stanju da bolje odredi pravac kretanja pločica kada koristi sistem “vještačke mrežnjače”, nego što je to slučaj bez sistema. Drugim riječima, ovaj novi sistem omogućava većini slijepih ljudi da identifikuju pravac kretanja nekog objekta, što nisu mogli da urade bez istog. U toku su međunarodna klinička ispitivanja sistema proteza, a do danas je trideset i dvoje slijepih ljudi je dobilo ovaj implant.

Home » “Bioničko oko” omogućava djelimično vraćanje vida

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