Heterohromija: kada boja oka nije jednaka

Šta je prvo što uočite na osobi koju prvi put vidite?

Statistički, postoji velika šansa da je to upravo boja njihovih očiju! Upadljiva boja očiju zaista može ostaviti odličan utisak-a to posebno važi onda kada su oči različite boje.

Naučni izraz za različitu boju očiju je heterohromija, a njena učestalost je 6 na 100.000 osoba (iako je znatno vidljivija kod pasa i mačaka). Ovo stanje može da se javi na nekoliko različitih načina i zbog nekoliko različitih razloga.

Vrste heterohromije

Josh Henderson i Alice Eve su poznati primjeri heterohromnih osoba, a svaka od njih ima jedno zeleno i jedno plavo oko. Međutim, nije svaka heterohromija vezana za dvije potpuno različite boje očiju (koje se inače nazivaju heterochromia completa ili heterochromia iridum).

Moguće je da različita boja zahvati samo jedan dio irisa (segmentna heterohromija, ili heterochromia iridis). Dobar primjer ove heterohromije je Henry Cavill, koji ima dio braon irisa na svom lijevom oku.

Najčešći tip heterohromije nije onaj gdje postoji potpuno različita boja oba oka. Zapravo se radi o centralnoj heterohromiji, odnosno različitoj boji irisa oko zjenice u odnosu na njegov ostatak. Na primjer, Olivia Wilde ima plave oči sa smeđim prstenom u sredini. Iako ne može biti lako primijećena kao i totalna kompletna heterohromija, ipak može da ostavi dovoljno dobar utisak.

 

Šta izaziva heterohromiju?

Za većinu osoba koje je imaju, heterohromija je samo bezopasna genetska mutacija koja utiče na način na koji se pigment stvara u irisu, ali isto tako može da nastane zbog povrede ili bolesti oka. David Bowie je imao jednu trajno proširenu zjenicu koja je odavala utisak očiju sa dvije različite boje.

Dijabetes, tumori oka i glaukom takođe mogu da utiču na to da oči izgledaju različito. Mila Heterohromija na oku Mile Kunis proizilazi iz dugotrajne upale koju je imala na tom oku.

Folklor heterohromije

Različita boja očiju može značiti različite stvari u različitim kulturama. Tako je ruralno stanovništvo istočne Evrope smatralo takve oči vještičjima, dok su ih Indijanci u Americi vidjeli kao oči duhova koje mogu da vide raj i pakao. Moderna kultura ih jednostavno vidi samo kao jako interesantne.

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